Purpose: To use event-based Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) to identify the different contexts and determinants of sedentary behavior (SB) bouts in older adults.
Methods: 75 older adults (+65 years) participated in an event-based EMA study for seven consecutive days. After a 30 minute bout of sitting, an EMA questionnaire was triggered on a smartphone, assessing contextual information, interpersonal aspects, affect and receptiveness to change behavior. Furthermore, intention and self-efficacy to interrupt and/or limit SB were questioned every morning and an intake questionnaire assessing sociodemographic variables was completed at the start of the study. SB was objectively measured by an activPAL. Multi-level analysis were conducted, with data nested in participants.
Results: Preliminary results showed that participants had a mean sedentary time (ST) of 10 hours per day. Intention to interrupt and/or limit ST was significantly varying throughout the week (F=4.29, p=0.003), self-efficacy was not varying throughout the week. Receptivity to change was not varying through the day nor though the week. Intention, self-efficacy to interrupt and/or limit ST and receptivity to change were not significantly associated with ST. Older adults who lived alone, spent on average 66 minutes less in sedentary activities on days that they had physical contact with others (Chi²=5.319, p=0.021). Older adults who lived alone were alone in 71.8% of their ST; older adults who lived together with their partner only spent 16% of their ST being alone. At the conference, more in-depth results regarding the contextual and time-varying determinants of SB will be presented.
Conclusions: Future EMA studies and personalized interventions could benefit from focusing more on the intentions to interrupt and/or limit ST, since this variable fluctuated more than self-efficacy and receptivity to change. Social contexts could be interesting to take into account for SB interventions in older adults who live alone, since spending time with other people reduced their time spent sedentary with more than one hour per day.

Purpose: Two percent of dementia cases worldwide could be prevented with increases in physical activity (PA). Although the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) has been validated for several countries, there are important discrepancies between self-reported and objectively measured data. This study aimed to analyze the association between PA and cognitive performance using the IPAQ and accelerometer measures and compare if differences in self-report and objectively measured PA were associated with cognitive performance in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
Methods: We used data from the 2017-19 wave of the ELSA-Brasil. PA was self-reported with the IPAQ and evaluated objectively with a triaxial accelerometer. The discrepancy between self-reported and objectively measured PA was calculated as the difference between the two. Cognitive performance was evaluated using immediate and late recall, word recognition, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, and the Trail-Making tests. A global composite z-score was derived from these tests. The associations of cognitive performance with self-reported, objectively measured, and the difference between these two measures were evaluated using linear regression adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables.
Results: In 8,486 participants (58.8±8.5 years old, 56% women, 55% White, 58% college educated), the mean self-reported and objectively measured time engaged in PA was 2.7 hours/week and 5.6 hours/week, respectively. Eighty percent of participants underreported PA. There was no association of self-reported (β=0.005, 95% CI=-0.001; 0.012) or objectively measured (β=0.004, 95% CI=-0.002; 0.010) PA with cognitive performance. Less underestimation of PA was associated with better executive function performance (β=0.006, 95% CI=0.001; 0.011).
Conclusions: A high proportion of participants underestimated the time they engaged in PA. However, less underreporting of PA was associated with better executive function performance. These results may reflect the characteristics of the IPAQ questionnaire, which evaluated only leisure-time PA, while the accelerometer measures all types of PA. Future research on the differences between self-reported and objectively measured PA is needed to understand how to correct these discrepancies.

This study aims to identify the association between dietary patterns and cognitive impairment among Indonesian population. This was a cross-sectional study utilizing secondary data of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS)-5. This study utilized 1532 participants. Cognitive impairment was measured with the questionnaire derived from the instrument of a telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS). A 15-item food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate food consumption score (FCS) and dietary pattern. The clustering dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Analysis of covariance was used to examine the differences and multivariate with binary logistic regression analysis of the odds of cognitive impairment. The result of this study was the prevalence of cognitive impairment significantly increased with an increase in the high calorie and high- sugar pattern (p<0.005 by logistic regression). Furthermore, the prevalence of cognitive impairment significantly decreased with an increase in fruits and vegetable pattern, from the lowest tertile (85.9%) to the highest tertile (78.3%). Moreover, the high calorie and high sugar pattern was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the tertile 2 and tertile 3 groups. People with high calorie and high sugar patterns in tertile 3 more likely to have cognitive impairment (OR 2.86, 95% CI 2.01-4.07, p=<0.001) after adjusting with age, sex, and education level. In our study, people with fruits and vegetables patterns were significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.92, p=0.015). high level dietary of fruit and vegetables in tertile 1 less likely to have cognitive impairment. Our conclusion can serve as a recommendation to the Indonesian population of whom may be in a higher risk for cognitive impairment and reemphasize the importance of early detection in the middle-aged group to manage dietary patterns as the risk factors.

Purpose: Sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of physical and mental health issues, particularly when individuals remain seated for prolonged periods. Activity-permissive workstations (APWs) have emerged as effective tools for reducing sedentary behaviors and promoting light physical activity. Previous studies have shown that APWs do not compromise productivity while effectively decreasing sedentary time. This is the first study comparing sitting, standing, and walking workstations and investigating both individuals' cognitive performance and psychological states, furthering our understanding of the benefits and potential barriers of APWs.

Methods: A total of 242 participants were randomly assigned to one of three workstation conditions: seated at a height-adjustable desk, standing at a height-adjustable desk, or walking on a treadmill desk in a laboratory environment. To get comfortable at their assigned workstation, participants played Tetris for 5 minutes and completed a demographic and health survey. Subsequently, participants performed a series of reading and creativity tasks. Post-workstation assessments included measures of pleasure, arousal, calmness, and enjoyment. Heart rate was monitored throughout the workstation period.

Results: Participants spent 31.92 minutes on the workstation on average. Mean heart rate varied significantly across three workstation conditions (F = 29.37, p < .001), with the highest heart rates for walking participants (M = 96.6), intermediate for standing (M = 90.7), and the lowest for seated (M = 79.6). There were no significant differences in subjectively-rated focus scores, or in objectively-assessed reading comprehension and creativity tasks across different workstation conditions. ANOVA and post-hoc tests indicated that individuals using the treadmill desk reported greater pleasure (p < .05), higher arousal (p < .01), and lower boredom (p < .001) compared to seated participants, greater enjoyment compared to both seated (p < .01) and standing (p < .001) participants, and lower perceived stress than standing participants (p < .05).

Conclusions: Our results showed that APWs hold promise in improving both psychological and physical well-being. APWs effectively reduce sedentary time, elevate heart rate and mood, and increase arousal without compromising focus, reading comprehension, and creativity. Longer-term randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the sustainability of the psychological benefits of using APWs.

Purpose: To identify predictors of meeting 150 minutes of weekly walking among a generally healthy, insufficiently active Latinx adult sample aged 50+ years enrolled in COMPASS (Computerized Physical Activity Support for Seniors)–a cluster-randomized physical activity (PA) effectiveness trial.
Methods: Participants (N=245) were randomly assigned to a community-based trained peer advisor or virtual advisor intervention. We used signal detection, a recursive partitioning exploratory method, to identify combinations of baseline demographic, clinical, behavioral, acculturation, and PA social support variables resulting in distinct subgroups. The outcome was achieving ≥150 weekly walking minutes or not at the 12-mo. endpoint using the validated CHAMPS questionnaire.
Results: Mean(SD) age was 62.3(8.4) years; 78.8% of participants were women. Intervention assignment did not significantly influence the PA outcome; 50% of participants achieved the 12-mo. 150 minutes weekly walking goal in each arm. The signal detection method identified eight distinct subgroups, with household size chosen as the most robust splitting variable differentiating those who met the PA goal vs. those who did not. For participants residing in smaller households (<3 people), the most successful subgroup (90.0% met goal) were persons with high acculturation to English media and an average systolic blood pressure of <117 mmHg, whereas the least successful small household subgroup (12.5% met goal) had systolic blood pressure ≥117 mmHg. Among participants living in larger households (≥3 people), the most successful subgroup (82.4% met goal) had <2,052 min/week of baseline sedentary behavior and an average resting heart rate <64.0 beats/min. In contrast, the least successful larger household subgroup (23.7% successful) reported sedentary behavior ≥2,052 min/week and <81.0 min/week of initial walking. As is typical for this type of hypothesis-generating analysis, additional profile analyses involving the remaining variables will be presented.
Conclusions: Combinations of variables drawn from multiple categories (demographic, clinical, behavioral, socio-cultural) were chosen by the signal detection program to effectively distinguish those who achieved the PA goal vs. those who did not. These results underscore the importance of systematically exploring subgroups to inform the further development of customized intervention strategies to enhance PA among insufficiently active older Latinx adults–a group who are rarely the specific focus of PA programs.

Purpose: Modifying the availability of vegetarian meals in collective catering has substantial impact on food choices and could contribute to mitigate the effect of our food systems on the environment. However, whether such an intervention is acceptable and thus sustainable has never been investigated. This study aimed to analyze the effects of an increase in the availability of vegetarian meals served in a French university cafeteria on students' meal choices, meal offer satisfaction, and liking.

Methods: A four-week controlled trial was conducted in a university cafeteria in Dijon, France. During the two-week control period, 24% of the main meals served were vegetarian (without meat and fish). In the subsequent two-week intervention period, this proportion was increased to 48% while keeping the sides offer identical. The students were not informed about the changes in the food offer during the intervention period. Students’ meal choices were recorded using sales data and daily paper questionnaires were used to assess students’ meal offer satisfaction and liking for the main meal they ate (scores range [1;5]). Mixed-effects linear models were used to compare food choices, satisfaction and liking between the control and intervention periods considering day matching between the two periods. An end-of-study questionnaire collected students’ feedback.

Results: Doubling the availability of vegetarian main meals significantly increased the likelihood of choosing vegetarian main meals (OR=2.57, 95%CI = [2.41; 2.74], N=37,299). Responses from the paper questionnaires (N=18,342) indicated a slight improvement in meal offer satisfaction from 4.05±0.92 to 4.07±0.93 between the control and the intervention period (p=0.028), as well as in liking from 4.09±0.90 to 4.13±0.92 (p<0.001). The end-of-study questionnaire (N=510) revealed that only 6% of students noticed the increase in the availability of vegetarian meals.

Conclusions: Doubling the proportion of vegetarian meals in a French university cafeteria from 24% to 48% resulted in a two-fold increase in their selection and was acceptable for university students as both satisfaction with the meal offer and liking for the meals they ate increased during the intervention period. Consequently, French university catering could aim to serve half vegetarian meals and half non-vegetarian meals to mitigate its environmental impact.